From: Enrichment - Restitution & Unjust Enrichment Legal Issues <ENRICHMENT@LISTS.MCGILL.CA>
To: ENRICHMENT@LISTS.MCGILL.CA
Date: 28/05/2009 06:34:18 UTC
Subject: [RDG] HCA on "co-ordinate liability"

Dear Colleagues;
The High Court of Australia has handed down its decision in
Friend v Brooker [2009] HCA 21 (28 May 2009) http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2009/21.html, discussing issues arising about equitable liability to contribute to a debt entered into by one director of a company, where he claimed that the other director should have been obliged to accept responsibility. The unanimous decision of the 5-member bench (FRENCH CJ, GUMMOW, HAYNE, HEYDON AND BELL JJ) was that there was no liability on the other director to contribute. Once the previous partnership had been transformed into a company, the obligations of the directors were to be found in company law and not in an indeterminate area of "fiduciary" obligation.
The "plurality" judgement (excluding Heydon J) rejected the NSW Court of Appeal's (ie Mason P's, primarily) attempt to develop a doctrine of liability based on a "common design". A feel for the judgement comes from the following, at [46]-[47]:

1                                 What, however, is presently significant is that the community of interest had its source in the assignment of the lease as to part of the land to X and part to Y and that the attached common burden was imposed by the law respecting distraint.  The equity in favour of X to recover the share of the rent from Y had arisen from the operation of the law upon their situation, not by some looser notion of economic interest which disregards or supersedes the legal framework within which the parties chose to have their dealings.

2                                 In that sense it is true to say that here, as elsewhere, equity looks to substance and not merely to legal form when it fixes upon the legal situation of the parties and requires that the exercise of legal rights produce a result which conforms to equitable doctrine.  But that is not to adopt the wider statement made in the present case by Mason P that the equitable doctrine of contribution "is not confined by legal structures"[1].  That view of the jurisdiction provides a framework of analysis at too high a level of abstraction, and risks a result discordant with accepted principle and the general coherence of the law[2].  In a case such as the present, to proceed in this way may too easily produce an outcome in a given case which is no more than an idiosyncratic exercise of discretion.



[1]      [2006] NSWCA 385 at [34].

[2]      See Lumbers v W Cook Builders Pty Ltd (In Liq) (2008) 232 CLR 635 at 661\u8209 -663 [75]\u8209 -[78].


The judgement of Heydon J, agreeing with the majority on the substantive issues, is perhaps best avoided by those uninterested in what seems to have been a mostly unedifying "feud" between the High Court and Mason P (as he then was)- it describes in excruciating detail why the Court of Appeal was wrong to adopt a doctrine the HC sees as based in one minor Federal Court decision, and not properly raised by either party or properly notified to counsel on either side. I can see the point, but surely if there is need to develop the law, the court should do so, even if counsel fail to take the very broad hints they were given to explore other issues?
 
Regards
Neil F


 
 
Neil Foster
Senior Lecturer, LLB Program Convenor
Newcastle Law School
Faculty of Business & Law
MC158, McMullin Building
University of Newcastle
Callaghan NSW 2308
AUSTRALIA
ph 02 4921 7430
fax 02 4921 6931
====

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