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At 09:35 PM 1/12/97
+0000, Colin wrote:
Given the popularity of one particular
set of hypothetical facts put to young Restitution students, it is perhaps
surprising that the recent decision in Taylor v. Dickens (The
Times, November 24, 1997) has not attracted comment on this mailing
list.
The facts will bring feelings of deja vu to all who
have studied the subject. P had worked for T for many years without
reward expecting, as T had promised, that T would leave him something
in her will. T changed her will without telling P and then died. P sought
to maintain a claim against the estate in both contract and by way of
estoppel. Both claims failed.
A claim for quantum meruit was, I believe, neither
pleaded nor argued,and thus the case provides no insight (and nor will
the likely appeal)into the application of restitutionary principles
in the circumstances. It is though, perhaps illustrative of the fact
that the grip which the subject enjoys over academia has yet to extend
to practice.
However, those who would advocate the wholesale expansion
of the recovery of unjust enrichment into entirely unprecedented areas
transforming the scope of the law of obligations might do well to heed
the words of the learned judge at first instance. To the suggestion
that there was a general right of equitable intervention in response
to any unconscionability he asserted: "[i]f there were such a jurisdiction
one might as well forget the law of contract and judge every civil dispute
with a portable palm tree."
Words to remember indeed.
COLIN RIEGELS, LL.B., B.C.L. (Oxon) I look forward to reading the decision in Taylor
v Dickens. The profession in Australia has of course long appreciated
the significance of restitutionary principles (which do not necessarily
have anything to do with "a general right of equitable intervention in
response to any unconscionability") - perhaps somewhat in advance of "academia".
My own sense of deja vu was heightened by my recollection of Stinchcombe
v Thomas [1957] VR 509, in which Monahan J found that no contract
arose from an arrangement under which the plaintiff was to act as housekeeper
for the deceased, for which he would "well reward her". She so acted for
over twelve years (her actual claim being limited to five and a half years
because of the Statute of Limitations) and during that time received £1
per week. The going rate for a living-in housekeeper in the district in
the relevant five and a half years "averaged £5 per week on the basis
of eight hours per day, with one day off per week and with an annual holiday
of two weeks on full pay" (513). Those with little antipodean experience
may be interested in the plaintiff's duties.
"She began by spring-cleaning the house; she regularly
did the cooking, washing and sewing; she mowed the lawns throughout the
relevant period; she gathered firewood and kindling wood; she weeded and
watered the garden and during the later years she also did the digging
that was necessary in the garden; she drew water from the well - at times
up to 200 buckets per day; she bottled and preserved the fruit crops;
she gathered and carted manure; she assisted at the slaughtering of sheep
and treated the offal therefrom and did the necessary cleaning up after
those operations; she cleaned the kitchen chimney as required; she cleaned
out the water tank as required; she assisted to maintain the poultry pens
as required; she made the deceased's underclothing; she made the soap
requirements of the household in later years; she cut the deceased's hair;
she nursed and tended the deceased when he was ill and dressed his wounds
following upon an operation on his bladder [he died aged eighty-two -
LLP]; in addition she provided many of the household requirements from
her own moneys; she had few holidays; she received throughout the period
1942-1954 no more than approximately £80 worth of gifts and presents of
money from the deceased". [See also Proverbs XXXI, 10-31.]
Absent contract, the alternative claim "as on a quantum
meruit basis for work and labour done and services rendered by her for
the deceased at his request" (509) succeeded. Roll on restitution.
[Apologies, Colin: third time lucky - LLP]
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