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RDG
online Restitution Discussion Group Archives |
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On Thu, 18 Dec
1997, Steve Hedley wrote:
At 09:03 18/12/97 -0500, Allan Axelrod wrote:
your note confirms my nervousness about participating
in this group upon which i have stumbled and in which i seem to be the
only american participant Don't worry, we don't bite!
we're like animals here, and it's so nice to be with
a group of friendly gentle controversialists such as yourselves
let me repeat and amplify:
our discussion has been [mostly] taxonomic:
we discover clumps of civil law-suits [ranging from inadvertently
taking possession of another's personal property to intentional maiming]
in which the recovery is based on plaintiff's loss and we give a group
name : tort
we discover clumps of lawsuits [more coherent factually]
in which plaintiff's recovery is measured by promise, expectations, bargain
and have a group name contract
we have a clump of cases [ranging widely again from mistake
through defective contract situations such as duress or plaintiff-in-breach]
where the measure of recovery is defendant's gain: i at least learned
to call this 'restitution'
and why not this last classifying word? you say because
the several cases don't have enough in common to require or legitimate
a label, and so you want to squeeze the cases in what i have called the
third category back into the other two, which then will no longer be differentiated
by type of remedy but by some other idea
why deprive the world of a taxonomy of law-suits classified
by remedy measure? remedy measure is certainly important in practice and
for clients etc etc
perhaps you fear that the naming of a category 'unjust
enrichment' entailing a remedy 'restitution' will alter substantive results
in an unattractive way?? which thought brings me to your last paragraph
[although i hope i have paid sufficient attention to those in between]
which responds to my last paragraph next printed
one of our leading cases---last century---- involved
an employee who was to have been paid at the end of a one-year employment
contract, but who materially breached after seven months work the
decision was highly controversial but the employee was awarded a quantum
meruit and we were taught that these plaintiff-in breach cases used
a restitutionary measure of compensation in that the recovery was
not based on the contract wage rate That very example has been the subject of much controversy
in this jurisdiction, particularly over what the measure should be.
Whether the contract rate or some other rate is appropriate is an open
question, on which there is no lack of opinions. with respect that seems to me to be quite irrelevant
to our discussion: if the law prescribes a contract measure then I promise
not to call it a restitution case and if you accept that there is a category
'unjust enrichment' and a measure 'restitution' i promise that my sense
of what is or is not 'unjust' will not be influenced by the existence
of the named category
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